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the English garden (English Garden)
Style «the English garden» has appeared in a XVIII-th century in a counterbalance to formal style. English poet Alexander Poup (1688 was one of ardent adherents of new style and the opponent of the French gardens — 1744), calling in 1713 in the essay devoted to gardening to return from geometrical forms to «lovely beauty of the plain nature». It has formulated the Key rule of an English garden so: «the Nature should not be forgotten in what... Be guided by spirit of a place».
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the Italian style (Italian Garden)
the Italian style of a garden which were extended in Renaissance (XV century AD) Name also Medical Itsejsky. This term is formed from the name of one of the famous Italian sorts - Medici which representatives long time corrected Florence. The medical Itsejsky type of gardens had a regular lay-out, as well as the French garden, however, the basic difference was that at garden study very much the great attention was given as well to architectural constructions. Thus, the country house was a certain composite component and had accurate interrelation with surrounding landscape.
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the Chinese garden (Chinese Garden)
In the Chinese culture the landscape design always was art, and founders of gardens were guided by traditions and values of a society and religious principles. Gardens in China broke since XI century B.C., since the state Chzhou. Thus if Europeans assert that the garden needs to be planted, Chineses build gardens. In the Chinese garden there are no accurate lawns, as in English, and accurate lines, as in regular French style. The Chinese gardeners imitate the nature and try to create on a small site a corner of the nature, same various, as China.
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the Colonial garden (Colonial Garden)
the Term "colonial" occurs from Roman « colonus ». Колоны – citizens of the Roman empire who rented the earth on suburbs of the state and were engaged mainly in agriculture. Colonial style has appeared at the time of great geographical opening with XV on a XVII-th century AD when England, France, Spain and Holland expanded the empires at the expense of new gains in colonies. It is remarkable that not only the European culture had the big influence on the native population but as conquerors have adopted some features of a life at aboriginals.
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Wood style (Forest style)
the Idea of a garden as places for a unification with the nature has arisen in the XVIII-th century beginning in a counterbalance to magnificent gardens of regular style. One of founders of wood style in gardening Stephen Schweitzer (Stephen Switzer, 1682 – 1745), the English writer and the designer of gardens is considered. Owners of gardens in wood style avoided a court life, they aspired to «useful and beautiful» lives in village. Gardens in wood style were the presents manufacturers of a foodstuff: in them usually landed орешины, fruit trees and bushes, long-term grasses.
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the Mauritian garden (Moorish garden)
the First Mauritian (Muslim) gardens are oases in the hot deserts improved by the person. The well-known Trailing gardens of tsarina Semiramidy - one of seven miracles of the world of an antiquity - have been created in this style. The legend says that Navuhodonosor II, the governor of Babylon, married on мидийской to the princess for acknowledgement of a military alliance of two powers against Assyria. However Babylon, unlike a blossoming Mussel, stood on naked plain, and the princess very much was homesick. To please the wife, Navuhodonosor II has ordered to erect these majestic constructions.
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the Modernist style (Modern garden)
In the end of XIX – the beginning of the XX-th century a number of creative people began to refuse a cult of repetition predominating at that time and citing of the previous styles. William Morris, Arthur Makmyordo and their followers have created essentially new style wavy lines, vegetative ornaments, and also almost full refusal of right angles became which basic distinctive features. As the modernist style is возращение to natural motives this style has made strong impact on landscape gardening art of that time.
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the Monastic garden (Monastic garden)
Monastic style of landscape design was popular at the time of Roman empire. Since XI century when the Greek monks have gone to preach Christianity in the earths of Scythians, they also have brought with themselves many useful knowledge and became the first founders of gardens in Russia. Earlier ancient Slavs used приусадебные territories to grow up vegetables, and for walks went to wood. The preachers building monasteries, being guided by an example from the Bible, began to break flower beds in courtyards and named their paradise or a district-city.
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the French garden / Regular style (French Garden)
Style «the French garden» which also name regular, geometrical or formal style of landscape design, actively developed with XVII on a XVIII-th century. Such gardens were very popular at the time of Louis XIV, however the historical name of style not precisely as ideas of creation of regular gardens have appeared during the Renaissance epoch in Italy. The apogee style has reached in a XIX-th century in England where gardeners have learnt to grow up plants in the form of exotic forms (such as geometrical figures, animal, birds etc.).
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the Japanese garden (Japanese style)
the First records about creation of gardens in Japan are dated VI century. In capital of Japan of that time, the city of Nara, gardens have been broken into territories of a palace of the emperor with use of the traditions inherent in the Chinese style. Basic elements which were used at garden registration is a stone and water. Also since VIII century when the Chinese monks have brought the Buddhism to Japan, Japanese began to create rock-gardens. Was considered that stones hide in themselves statues of the Buddha so, are sacred, have cut a statue from a stone or not.
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